Germany has become the latest country to close borders as European nations try to stem the spread of the coronavirus.Its borders with France, Austria and Switzerland were shut on Monday morning, except for commercial traffic. France is considering more stringent lockdowns, with its health chief saying the situation is “deteriorating fast”.Latest World Health Organization (WHO) figures list 164,000 confirmed cases and 6,470 deaths worldwide.However, last week it said Europe was now the “epicentre” of the virus and urged governments to act aggressively to control the spread of Covid-19, the disease caused by the coronavirus.Leaders of the G7 nations are to hold a video conference on Monday to discuss a joint response to the coronavirus pandemic.Central banks around the world, including the US Federal Reserve and those in the UK, Japan, Canada, and Switzerland have cut interest rates and taken other measures to try to curb the economic turmoil.But stock markets in Asia and Europe still fell and, on Wall St, trading was temporarily halted after the S&P 500 index dropped 8% on opening. It was the third time in six days that the session was interrupted.The EU’s Internal Market Commissioner Thierry Breton said a recession was now expected, with a 2-2.5% negative growth.Airlines are also continuing to slash flights as demand slumps.
Why and how has Germany acted?Germany had tried to resist closing its borders, to try to keep the Schengen agreement on free travel between European countries working, but traffic crossing the borders with the three neighbours and also Luxembourg will now be restricted to goods and people commuting for work.The aim is to stem the spread of the virus but also to curtail cross-border panic-buying, German media reported.Only the borders with the Netherlands and Belgium are as yet unaffected.Following a phone call with German Chancellor Angela Merkel and EU chiefs, French President Emmanuel Macron criticised those who were taking unilateral border control measures.Schools in Germany were closed on Monday, while the capital Berlin over the weekend shut all clubs, bars and fitness centres. Large gatherings nationwide are banned.
One of the most powerful states, Bavaria, declared an emergency, closing all leisure facilities and restricting the activities of restaurants and cafes.German tourism giant TUI said on Monday it was suspending most of its operations and asked for state aid.Germany now has close to 5,000 confirmed cases of coronavirus, and 12 deaths.Meanwhile, Foreign Minister Heiko Maas responded to reports that US President Donald Trump wanted to buy exclusive access to a potential vaccine developed by a German biotech firm, saying: “We cannot allow others to seek exclusive results.”What are the other restrictions in Europe?Germany’s neighbours such as Poland, the Czech Republic and Denmark have already closed borders or introduced severe restrictions.But there are a vast amount of travel restrictions inside many countries.
Spain and Portugal have agreed to restrict tourism travel over their shared border, allowing only goods and workers to cross.Spain imposed a partial lockdown on its 47 million inhabitants on Saturday, as part of a 15-day state of emergency. People are barred from leaving home except for buying essential supplies and medicines, or for work.It is also considering closing all its borders and expects the 15-day emergency period will be extended.Italy, the worst-affected nation outside China, where the virus originated, has more than 20,000 cases and more than 1,800 deaths.Prime Minister Guiseppe Conte told the Corriere della Sera newspaper on Monday that damage from the virus would be “serious and widespread”, adding: “A true ‘reconstruction plan’ will be needed.”After the coronavirus, nothing will be as before, we will have to sit down and rewrite the rules of trade and the free market,” he said.
France is considering following the lead of Italy and Spain and ordering people to remain in their houses. Cafes, restaurants, cinemas and most shops are already shut.Mr Macron will address the nation at 19:00 GMT.On Monday, the head of the country’s health service, Jerome Salomon, said the outbreak was “very worrying” and “deteriorating very fast”.France so far has more than 5,000 infections and 127 deaths.EU Commission chief Ursula von der Leyen has expressed fears that border closures could strand thousands of lorry drivers at the borders.”If we don’t act now, stores will have difficulty filling with certain products,” she said, urging the “common internal market [to keep] going”.In other European nations:
Greece is shutting all shops bar supermarkets, chemists and petrol stations and putting all arrivals from abroad into quarantine for 14 days
The Czech authorities sealed off an area in the east of the country – Unicov, Cervenka and Litovel
Poland suspended all domestic flights, following similar moves on international air and rail travel
Georgia banned all foreigners from entering the country
Serbia declared a state of emergency
Ukraine’s capital Kyiv shut restaurants, cafes and bars from Tuesday and restricted movement to other towns
What is happening in countries outside Europe?Iran, which has the third-highest number of confirmed cases globally, on Monday reported 129 more deaths, its highest tally in a single day.Health ministry spokesman Kianoush Jahanpour urged people not to travel outside their province.The fourth-most-affected nation, South Korea, again reported a slowdown in new infections, with President Moon Jae-in saying he was increasingly confident of overcoming the virus.In the United States, New York closed all schools as of Monday, and will shut restaurants, bars and other venues from Tuesday. Overall 29 US states have announced that they are closing schools.On the West Coast, Los Angeles has decided to shut down the city’s bars and restaurants.There has been a sharp rise in coronavirus cases in Africa. Although there are fewer than in most other continents, the total count more than doubled in the past two days. Strict measures are being introduced in many of the 26 countries affected, with schools and borders closing in several parts of Africa.The number of confirmed coronavirus cases and deaths outside China has now surpassed the number inside. More than 87,000 people have been infected outside China, while just over 80,000 cases have been reported inside.
