Justice Zainab Adamu Bulkachuwa bowed out of the Bench last Friday after attaining the mandatory retirement age of 70 years for justices of the Appeal Court. The former president of the Court of Appeal shared her experiences on the job with reporters in Lagos.

What was your greatest challenge as President of the Court of Appeal?

My greatest challenge while in office bordered on negative media reporting. Most of the time, journalists don’t bother to balance their stories before going to the press. They don’t even read our judgments. That’s a major problem.

However, amidst all these, I tried to give my best to the job. The most important thing for me is to satisfy my conscience that the right and proper thing were done on cases handled by me and my colleagues. That’s why when I write and deliver a judgment, I don’t go back to it.

What can you say about the issue of conflicting court judgments? How do you think the problem can be tackled?

On this issue, we might have the same situations but the facts might be different. This means the two situations will be decided differently. Don’t also forget that we have different justices of the Court of Appeal and each of them has his or her own understanding of the law and how to apply it. So, the decisions might be arrived at from the wrong angle, but we must address ourselves to the facts of each cases.

When the issue of conflicting court judgments was raised, I formed an in-house committee and all the judgments that were said to be conflicting were looked into. They were all considered by the committee and at the end of the day, it was found out that there was no conflicting judgment anywhere. It only bordered on the understanding of each judgment and when court judgments are read by a layman who doesn’t understand what the judgments are all about, he will be talking about conflicting judgments.

What are those constitutional amendments that you think should be carried out to aid the speedy dispensation of justice?

So many unnecessary cases go to the Court of Appeal and the Supreme Court. I think an amendment should be carried out to limit the number of cases that go to the Court of Appeal and the Supreme Court.

For instance, chieftaincy matters have been tried from High Court and even in some cases from the Customary Court. Some of these cases will still found their way to the Appeal and Supreme Court. Therefore, I think except a case is of serious national importance, its hearing should end at the High Court. Even, if such cases must go to the Court of Appeal, the justices of the Appellate Court must decide whether they want to hear it or not. The Court of Appeal should have the power to decide which cases will be heard.

This is what happens in some developed climes. So, what I am saying in essence is that we should limit the number of cases that go to both the Appeal and Supreme Courts. Besides, I want to say that in election petition matter, not all cases should go to the Court of Appeal and the Supreme Court. Some of these cases should end at the tribunal.

I also think the number of justices at the Court of Appeal should be increased. As at now, I think there are only 90 justices. More justices should be appointed, particularly in divisions with high volume of cases. This will help in ensuring speedy dispensation of justice.

Besides, I also want to talk about good working conditions for the judges. One of such is spacious and well equipped courtrooms. This is what I expect to see in all the divisions of the Court of Appeal across the country. This is part of the conditions under which the justices will be happy to work.

What can you say about funding of the judiciary?

Funding has remained a major challenge and I want to suggest that even before budgetary allocations to the judiciary are made, our needs must be considered. Lack of fund has made it difficult to construct more courtrooms at the Court of Appeal Divisions.

What is the reality on ground with regards to the issue of corruption allegations on the Bench? Do you find out that politicians are corrupting judges through their actions?

Every allegation of corruption against any judicial officer must be proved beyond every doubt. Allegations of corruption are criminal in nature. So, they have to be proved beyond reasonable doubt. There was a time allegations were flying around that I was given N6 billion and I laughed. So, if I was given N6 billion, do you think I will still be here? That was how all sorts of allegations were made against judges without any proof. I don’t have any evidence to say that any of my colleagues have been bribed or compromised.

My husband is a politician, but politics is a no go area in the house. Even my children are aware of that. No politician is invited to the house. My husband can pursue whatever he wants to pursue as a politician but we hardly discuss politics in the house. All these help to guard against any influence from any politician.

At a time, you were asked to recuse yourself from the panel which heard the dispute that arose from the 2019 presidential election over allegation of bias. How do you view this demand, particularly from a major opposition party?

I have been a judicial officer for 40 years and I know I have a responsibility to God. I am going to be accountable to Him one day. That’s why I try to be upright as much as possible in my judicial conduct and this is what guides me in handling any case that come before me.

When that issue of the Presidential election petition panel came up, I have even forgotten that my husband is a politician. I only felt that as the President of the Court of Appeal and number one in that court, I would have been the first person to handle the case and I had no doubt that I would have done justice to the case.

But, once I was asked to recuse myself, a doubt was raised in my mind. A  doubt in the sense that no matter what I did or said, I would not be seen as being impartial. So, I decided to recuse myself from the panel.

 

Do you think finality should be at the Court of Appeal for govership, natorial election dispute?

I think so. I think we have been doing the best we can in all these matters. It’s only in one or two controversial matters that the Supreme Court have upturned our verdict. But, in most cases, the apex court has stamped our decisions.

We are very thorough at the Court of Appeal. That’s one thing I know and I am very proud of the Justices of the Court of Appeal. Look at how we were able to handle all election petition matters within the time-frame allowed by the law.

Are you in support of the clamour for the drafting of retired justices and senior lawyers to handle election petition cases so as to reduce the workload of serving justices?

I don’t think it is proper to allow retired justices to come in and handle election petition cases. Serving justices are under the supervision of the National Judicial Council (NJC) and I believe they will not do anything that would affect their works.

But if we give the job to retired justices, then, there might be problem. Who will supervise them? I also believed they will not do it the way sitting justices will do it. I am also not in support of drafting senior lawyers to handle election petition cases. Senior lawyers unlike judicial officers may not have the requisite knowledge of the proper handling of election petition cases.

Do you think Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) mechanism is applicable to resolving electoral disputes?

It should be applicable because it has been used successfully in so many other cases. If it is used, it will also decongest the court. It’s only that I don’t know whether politicians will agree to use it in resolving electoral disputes.

In an unprecedented manner, politicians are now seeking review of the judgments of the Supreme Court. What is your take on this?

Asking the Supreme Court to review its judgment is unconstitutional. It’s not the law.

THE NATION